Network Access Services

Network access services are the essential connections and controls that let users and devices link to a network (like the internet or a private corporate network), handling everything from the physical connection (Wi-Fi, fiber) to authenticating users, enforcing security policies, routing data to its destination, and acting as a crucial gateway for communication and resource access. 

Key Functions:

• Connection Establishment: Provides the physical or wireless link (Ethernet, Wi-Fi, cellular) for users to reach the network.

• Authentication & Authorization: Verifies user credentials (username/password) and device compliance before granting access, often using protocols like RADIUS.

• Policy Enforcement: Ensures only authorized users/devices meeting security standards can access specific network segments (Zero Trust).

• Session Management: Assigns IP addresses, manages data flow, and tracks usage for accounting and security. 

Types of Access Networks:

• Wired: Ethernet, DSL, Fiber Optic.

• Wireless: Wi-Fi, Cellular (4G/5G).

• VPNs (Virtual Private Networks): Secure remote access. 

Where They're Used:

• ISPs: Connecting homes and businesses to the internet.

• Corporate Networks: Managing employee and guest access to internal resources.

• Data Centers & Cloud: Providing secure paths to cloud services. 

How It Works:

1. User Connects: A user's device attempts to join via Wi-Fi or cable.

2. Gateway: The request hits a Network Access Server (NAS) or Network Access Control (NAC) system.

3. Authentication: The system checks credentials against user directories (like Active Directory).

4. Authorization: Policies are checked (e.g., Is this a corporate laptop? Is the antivirus up to date?).

5. Access Granted: The user gets an IP address and can access permitted resources, with activity logged.